Current Methodologies & Chemistries Utilized In Effective Passivation Procedures
Chemical cleaning and passivation treatments on stainless steel tubing and equipment are an important aspect in the preparation of surfaces used in corrosive and critical environments. The formation of a higher chromium to iron (Cr/Fe) ratio in the passivate layer will result in improved corrosion resistance and lowered rates of iron oxide formation (rouge). Clean process and transfer system surfaces are required to maintainpurity of processes and products. A corrosion resistant surface insures continuous fluidquality with a lack of impurities generated at the stainless steel surface.
The importance of chemical cleaning and passivation of stainless steel has been documented by others in past publications.1,2 The formation of an inert surface is the goal for passivate techniques. Comparative results of various combined chelant processes in addition to nitric acid and electropolished surfaces will be presented. Stainless steel surfaces were treated and then tested with Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis ("ESCA") and Auger Electron Spectroscopy ("AES") procedures to determine improvements in surface chemistry.
Pickling and passivation results from the formation of a chemically inert surface, which maximizes corrosion resistance. The anodic oxide/hydroxide film is very thin (10 to 50 Angstroms "Å") and high in chromium oxide. Removal of contaminants is critical to the life of the passive layer and the reduction of corrosion. Thus, the benefits of the passivate surface are the increased corrosion protection and contaminant free surface leading to improved system life and purity of process fluids. There exist many physical parameters important in the measurement of a corrosion resistant surface including: surface area (roughness), oxide layer depth, chromium to iron ratio and surface contaminant inclusions. Periodic system inspections and performance of precision cleaning and passivation are required to insure maintenance of the passive layer.
Initial passivation of stainless systems is dictated by a need to repair the activated areas of all welds, as shown by recent research,3 and the need to insure an improved corrosion resistant surface throughout the system. Chemical cleaning and passivation removes the adsorbed and included contaminants that provide sites for pitting corrosion as well as iron, which will evolve into rouge formation.
Chemical cleaning and passivation treatments on stainless steel tubing and equipment are an important aspect in the preparation of surfaces used in corrosive and critical environments. The formation of a higher chromium to iron (Cr/Fe) ratio in the passivate layer will result in improved corrosion resistance and lowered rates of iron oxide formation (rouge). Clean process and transfer system surfaces are required to maintainpurity of processes and products. A corrosion resistant surface insures continuous fluidquality with a lack of impurities generated at the stainless steel surface.
The importance of chemical cleaning and passivation of stainless steel has been documented by others in past publications.1,2 The formation of an inert surface is the goal for passivate techniques. Comparative results of various combined chelant processes in addition to nitric acid and electropolished surfaces will be presented. Stainless steel surfaces were treated and then tested with Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis ("ESCA") and Auger Electron Spectroscopy ("AES") procedures to determine improvements in surface chemistry.
Pickling and passivation results from the formation of a chemically inert surface, which maximizes corrosion resistance. The anodic oxide/hydroxide film is very thin (10 to 50 Angstroms "Å") and high in chromium oxide. Removal of contaminants is critical to the life of the passive layer and the reduction of corrosion. Thus, the benefits of the passivate surface are the increased corrosion protection and contaminant free surface leading to improved system life and purity of process fluids. There exist many physical parameters important in the measurement of a corrosion resistant surface including: surface area (roughness), oxide layer depth, chromium to iron ratio and surface contaminant inclusions. Periodic system inspections and performance of precision cleaning and passivation are required to insure maintenance of the passive layer.
Initial passivation of stainless systems is dictated by a need to repair the activated areas of all welds, as shown by recent research,3 and the need to insure an improved corrosion resistant surface throughout the system. Chemical cleaning and passivation removes the adsorbed and included contaminants that provide sites for pitting corrosion as well as iron, which will evolve into rouge formation.
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